{"id":23349,"date":"2025-07-15T17:49:17","date_gmt":"2025-07-15T12:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/?p=23349"},"modified":"2025-07-15T17:49:17","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T12:49:17","slug":"whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/","title":{"rendered":"WhatsApp\u2019s New Group Typing Indicator"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_87 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In This Article<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#WhatsApps_New_Group_Typing_Indicator_Enhancing_Real-Time_Chat_Experience\" >WhatsApp\u2019s New Group Typing Indicator: Enhancing Real-Time Chat Experience<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Introduction_Why_Typing_Indicators_Matter\" >Introduction: Why Typing Indicators Matter<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Whats_New_in_the_Typing_Indicator\" >What\u2019s New in the Typing Indicator?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Why_This_Is_a_Game-Changer_for_Group_Chats\" >Why This Is a Game-Changer for Group Chats<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#A_Look_at_How_It_Works\" >A Look at How It Works<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#What_About_Audio_Recording\" >What About Audio Recording?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Real-Time_Insight_A_Welcome_Trend\" >Real-Time Insight: A Welcome Trend<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Part_of_a_Larger_Upgrade_Strategy\" >Part of a Larger Upgrade Strategy<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#How_Will_It_Impact_Users\" >How Will It Impact Users?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#For_Casual_Users\" >For Casual Users:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#For_Professionals\" >For Professionals:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#For_Communities\" >For Communities:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#When_Will_the_Feature_Be_Available\" >When Will the Feature Be Available?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#What_Could_Be_Improved\" >What Could Be Improved?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapps-new-group-typing-indicator\/#Summary\" >Summary<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1 data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"215\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"WhatsApps_New_Group_Typing_Indicator_Enhancing_Real-Time_Chat_Experience\"><\/span><strong data-start=\"137\" data-end=\"215\">WhatsApp\u2019s New Group Typing Indicator: Enhancing Real-Time Chat Experience<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p data-start=\"217\" data-end=\"586\">In an age where instant messaging dominates communication, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/whatsapp-for-ios-to-support-multiple-account-switching\/\">WhatsApp<\/a> continues to evolve its platform with thoughtful features designed to enhance user experience. One of the most recent additions coming to the app is a revamped <strong data-start=\"445\" data-end=\"465\">typing indicator<\/strong> for group chats \u2014 a move that promises to improve communication clarity, especially in active and crowded conversations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"588\" data-end=\"859\">This new feature is currently being tested in the beta version for Android (2.25.20.17) and is expected to roll out to the broader user base soon. But what exactly does this typing indicator bring, and why is it important for WhatsApp users? Let\u2019s explore in full detail.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"912\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Introduction_Why_Typing_Indicators_Matter\"><\/span>Introduction: Why Typing Indicators Matter<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"1300\">Typing indicators may seem like a small addition, but they play a crucial role in messaging apps. Knowing when someone is typing allows users to prepare for a response, avoid overlapping messages, and maintain conversational flow. In one-on-one chats, the benefit is straightforward \u2014 you see the other person typing, so you wait. However, in group chats, this becomes far more complex.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1302\" data-end=\"1709\">Imagine being in a WhatsApp group of 20 or more people. Suddenly, a burst of activity starts, and messages are flying in. You\u2019re typing, but so are others. Previously, WhatsApp would only show a vague \u201ctyping\u2026\u201d status without revealing who was actually typing \u2014 or worse, it only displayed one name even if multiple people were actively composing messages. This often created confusion and message overlaps.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1850\">With the new typing indicator update, WhatsApp aims to solve this problem by offering more precise, real-time insights into group activity.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1857\" data-end=\"1896\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Whats_New_in_the_Typing_Indicator\"><\/span>What\u2019s New in the Typing Indicator?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"2181\">According to reports from beta testers, WhatsApp is developing a feature that shows <strong data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"2037\">how many users are currently typing in a group chat<\/strong>. Instead of displaying only one name (like \u201cAli is typing\u2026\u201d), it will now show something like \u201c2 people are typing\u2026\u201d or \u201c3 people are typing\u2026\u201d.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2183\" data-end=\"2440\">This allows users to instantly understand the activity level of the group without having to open the chat. The typing status is visible right from the main chat list screen, next to the group name \u2014 a major improvement in usability and information delivery.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2442\" data-end=\"2746\">This feature is an enhancement of an earlier update that allowed individual and group chats to display \u201ctyping\u201d or \u201crecording audio\u201d status on the chat overview screen. But now, WhatsApp is going one step further by making the indicator smarter, more detailed, and more helpful in fast-paced discussions.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2753\" data-end=\"2799\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Why_This_Is_a_Game-Changer_for_Group_Chats\"><\/span>Why This Is a Game-Changer for Group Chats<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2801\" data-end=\"3085\">Group chats are one of the most popular features on WhatsApp. From school friends and family groups to professional teams and online communities, group chats are used for a wide range of communication. As these groups grow in size, managing conversation flow becomes more challenging.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3087\" data-end=\"3134\">The new typing indicator solves several issues:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3253\"><strong data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3168\">Reduces message collision:<\/strong> When users know others are typing, they might wait before sending their own message.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3358\"><strong data-start=\"3256\" data-end=\"3278\">Adds transparency:<\/strong> Participants can gauge how active a discussion is before even opening the chat.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3467\"><strong data-start=\"3361\" data-end=\"3385\">Improves efficiency:<\/strong> Users can avoid interrupting ongoing conversations, leading to better engagement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3469\" data-end=\"3690\">This feature becomes especially helpful in busy groups with dozens of active users. Think of communities, fan groups, event planning teams, or customer support channels \u2014 all of which thrive on quick, collaborative input.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"3697\" data-end=\"3723\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Look_at_How_It_Works\"><\/span>A Look at How It Works<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"3725\" data-end=\"3791\">Here\u2019s how the new group typing indicator is expected to function:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"3795\" data-end=\"3857\">When one user types, their name may appear briefly, as before.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3969\">When multiple users are typing simultaneously, WhatsApp will display a message such as \u201c3 people are typing\u2026\u201d<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3972\" data-end=\"4089\">This status appears both inside the chat and on the chat overview screen (the screen showing all your conversations).<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"4092\" data-end=\"4210\">The names of individuals may no longer appear if more than one person is typing, helping maintain privacy and clarity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"4212\" data-end=\"4355\">Though still in beta, initial previews from WABetaInfo and other testers confirm that the feature is functioning reliably and with minimal lag.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4362\" data-end=\"4393\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_About_Audio_Recording\"><\/span>What About Audio Recording?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4395\" data-end=\"4814\">While this update improves typing detection, it\u2019s important to note that it <strong data-start=\"4471\" data-end=\"4513\">does not yet extend to audio recording<\/strong>. WhatsApp currently shows a \u201crecording audio\u2026\u201d status in chats when someone is sending a voice message, but it still supports only one indicator at a time. So if three people are recording voice notes, the app might still show only one status \u2014 a limitation that could be addressed in future updates.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"4821\" data-end=\"4859\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Real-Time_Insight_A_Welcome_Trend\"><\/span>Real-Time Insight: A Welcome Trend<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"4861\" data-end=\"5173\">The broader trend here is clear: WhatsApp is trying to bring <strong data-start=\"4922\" data-end=\"4950\">more real-time awareness<\/strong> to users. Previously, one had to open a chat to see who was typing or whether a message was being drafted. Now, such data appears in the main chat list \u2014 a convenience borrowed from other messaging platforms like Telegram.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"5175\" data-end=\"5501\">The typing indicator also enhances the psychological aspect of chatting. Seeing someone type (or multiple people typing) creates anticipation, and in many cases, helps users stay engaged in the conversation longer. It also helps avoid sending redundant messages, especially in groups where a topic is being actively discussed.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"5508\" data-end=\"5545\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Part_of_a_Larger_Upgrade_Strategy\"><\/span>Part of a Larger Upgrade Strategy<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"5547\" data-end=\"5675\">This update is not happening in isolation. WhatsApp has been making a series of meaningful UI and UX changes in 2025, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"5679\" data-end=\"5708\">Redesigned settings interface<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5711\" data-end=\"5737\">Enhanced message reactions<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5740\" data-end=\"5760\">Status updates in HD<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5763\" data-end=\"5793\">Chat lock features for privacy<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"5796\" data-end=\"5829\">Multi-device support improvements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"5831\" data-end=\"6060\">Together, these features indicate that WhatsApp is trying to retain its dominance in the messaging space by focusing on <strong data-start=\"5951\" data-end=\"5989\">efficiency, privacy, and usability<\/strong> \u2014 a strategy that clearly aligns with the new typing indicator update.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"6067\" data-end=\"6096\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Will_It_Impact_Users\"><\/span>How Will It Impact Users?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<h4 data-start=\"6098\" data-end=\"6120\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"For_Casual_Users\"><\/span>For Casual Users:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6121\" data-end=\"6292\">This update brings clarity to everyday communication. In family or friends&#8217; groups, users will now be able to manage expectations and time their messages more effectively.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"6294\" data-end=\"6317\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"For_Professionals\"><\/span>For Professionals:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6318\" data-end=\"6499\">Project-based group chats or work discussions benefit from real-time feedback. This feature makes communication smoother and avoids confusion during brainstorming or status updates.<\/p>\n<h4 data-start=\"6501\" data-end=\"6522\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"For_Communities\"><\/span>For Communities:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p data-start=\"6523\" data-end=\"6687\">Large groups such as fan clubs or learning communities often deal with message overload. This feature will help admins and members better navigate the conversation.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"6694\" data-end=\"6733\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"When_Will_the_Feature_Be_Available\"><\/span>When Will the Feature Be Available?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"6735\" data-end=\"7067\">As of now, the new group typing indicator is available only in <strong data-start=\"6798\" data-end=\"6848\">WhatsApp beta for Android (version 2.25.20.17)<\/strong>. There is no official word from WhatsApp about when it will roll out globally, but typically, features in beta are pushed to the main version within a few weeks \u2014 provided there are no major bugs or performance issues.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"7069\" data-end=\"7207\">iOS users may see this feature in a later beta release, with both platforms expected to receive the stable version sometime later in 2025.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"7214\" data-end=\"7241\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What_Could_Be_Improved\"><\/span>What Could Be Improved?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7243\" data-end=\"7320\">While the feature is promising, there\u2019s always room for further enhancements:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"7324\" data-end=\"7449\"><strong data-start=\"7324\" data-end=\"7349\">Detailed View Option:<\/strong> Advanced users might appreciate a way to view names of those typing, perhaps with a toggle setting.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7452\" data-end=\"7599\"><strong data-start=\"7452\" data-end=\"7479\">Audio Recording Status:<\/strong> Expanding the typing indicator logic to include multiple voice note recordings would create a more complete experience.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"7602\" data-end=\"7769\"><strong data-start=\"7602\" data-end=\"7633\">Customizable Notifications:<\/strong> Some users might want to turn off typing indicators entirely to reduce distractions \u2014 WhatsApp could include this as a privacy setting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"7776\" data-end=\"7794\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Summary\"><\/span>Summary<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"7796\" data-end=\"8168\">The new typing indicator for group chats may seem like a small tweak on the surface, but it\u2019s a significant quality-of-life improvement for millions of WhatsApp users worldwide. In an app where group chats often host the most active conversations, being able to see how many people are typing at any given moment offers a subtle but powerful upgrade to communication flow.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"8170\" data-end=\"8366\">As WhatsApp continues to refine its platform, features like this one show a growing commitment to <strong data-start=\"8268\" data-end=\"8308\">intelligent, real-time communication<\/strong> \u2014 keeping pace with user expectations in 2025 and beyond.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>WhatsApp\u2019s New Group Typing Indicator: Enhancing Real-Time Chat Experience In an age where instant messaging dominates communication, WhatsApp continues to evolve its platform with thoughtful features designed to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":23351,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1713],"tags":[7342,7339,7340,7336,7347,7346,7338,7353,7337,7349,7348,7351,7341,7345,7334,7350,7335,7344,7343,7352],"class_list":["post-23349","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-general","category-technews","tag-chat-experience-enhancement","tag-group-chat-improvements","tag-messaging-app-features","tag-real-time-chat-updates","tag-real-time-messaging","tag-typing-indicator-whatsapp","tag-whatsapp-android-typing-feature","tag-whatsapp-android-version-2-25-20-17","tag-whatsapp-beta-update","tag-whatsapp-chat-overview","tag-whatsapp-communication-features","tag-whatsapp-feature-rollout","tag-whatsapp-group-chat-tips","tag-whatsapp-group-chat-upgrade","tag-whatsapp-group-typing-indicator","tag-whatsapp-multiple-people-typing","tag-whatsapp-new-feature-2025","tag-whatsapp-typing-status","tag-whatsapp-ui-update","tag-whatsapp-user-experience"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23349","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23349"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23349\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":23352,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/23349\/revisions\/23352"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23351"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23349"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=23349"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.brandligo.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=23349"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}